In the heart of medieval Europe, a intricate web known as feudalism shaped the lives of peasants. This system centered around a hierarchy of relationships between lords and servants. At its summit stood the ruler, who conferred land to powerful nobles in exchange for service. These noble earls controlled vast estates, where they depended on the lab

In Italy the Renaissance proper was preceded by a vital “proto-renaissance” during the late thirteenth and early 14th centuries, which drew inspiration from Franciscan radicalism. St. Francis of Assisi experienced rejected the formal Scholasticism in the prevailing Christian theology and long gone out among the lousy praising the beauties and s